It differs from mere coincidence in that synchronicity implies not just a happenstance, but an underlying pattern or dynamic that is being expressed through meaningful relationships or events.
It was a principle that Jung felt encompassed his concepts of archetypes and the collective unconscious in that it was descriptive of a governing dynamic that underlay the whole of human experience and history social, emotional, psychological, and spiritual.
Jung believed that many experiences perceived as coincidence were due not merely to chance, but instead, suggested the manifestation of parallel events or circumstances reflecting this governing dynamic.
One of Jung's favourite quotes on Synchronicity was from Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll in which it is quoted that It's a poor sort of memory that only works backwards.